Which term specifically refers to a spouse's inheritance right originating from civil law traditions for women?

The term "dower" specifically refers to the portion of a deceased husband's estate that is set aside for his widow's use during her lifetime. This concept originates from civil law traditions and provides a legal framework for women's inheritance rights, ensuring that a woman has a designated share of her husband's property upon his death. This system was historically significant in protecting the financial interests of widows, reinforcing their status and security in what could be a vulnerable position following the loss of their spouse.

In contrast, curtesy generally relates to the rights of a husband to a portion of his deceased wife's estate, which does not address the specific focus on women's inheritance rights. The elective share pertains to a spouse's right to choose to take a specified share of the estate, often applicable in common law jurisdictions rather than under civil law traditions. Dual agency, meanwhile, is a real estate term that applies to situations where a single agent represents both the buyer and seller, having no connection to inheritance laws or rights. Therefore, "dower" is the most appropriate term that specifically addresses the inheritance rights of wives as established in civil law traditions.