Which federal law prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, or national origin, and was later amended?

The Fair Housing Act of 1968 is the correct choice because it specifically prohibits discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, and national origin. This landmark piece of legislation was created in response to the civil rights movement and aimed to address widespread discrimination in housing practices. Over the years, the Act has been amended to include additional protections, such as those for sex, disability, and familial status.

The framework established by the Fair Housing Act plays a crucial role in ensuring equal access to housing opportunities, thereby promoting a more equitable society. Its significance lies in the enforcement mechanisms it provides, allowing individuals who experience discrimination to file complaints and seek remedies.

While the Civil Rights Act of 1964 also addresses discrimination, it primarily focuses on employment and public accommodations rather than housing specifically. The Equal Opportunity Act is a broad term that can apply to various areas of discrimination but does not specifically refer to housing regulations. The Housing Affordability Act, while related to housing, does not focus primarily on discrimination issues and therefore does not align with the question's criteria.