What is the process of paying off a mortgage in regular installments based on a fixed payment schedule?

Amortization refers to the process of gradually paying off a mortgage through regular, scheduled payments over a specific period. Each payment consists of both principal and interest components, which allows the borrower to reduce the outstanding balance of the loan over time. This systematic method not only helps the borrower plan their finances but also ensures that they own their property outright by the end of the loan term.

Depreciation, on the other hand, pertains to the decline in value of an asset over time, which is not related to the payment of a loan. Refinancing involves replacing an existing mortgage with a new one, typically to secure better terms but does not inherently relate to the process of paying off a mortgage in installments. Lastly, equity buildup refers to the increase in ownership value in a property as the mortgage is paid down and property values appreciate, but it is a result of amortization rather than a distinct payment process.

Therefore, the correct choice emphasizes the structured repayment aspect critical to understanding mortgage payments.