What is it called when private property is taken for public use through eminent domain?

The correct term for the process through which private property is taken for public use under the power of eminent domain is "easement by condemnation." This legal principle allows government entities to acquire private land for public projects, such as roads, schools, or parks, provided that the owner is compensated justly. This process is grounded in the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which stipulates that private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation.

By contrast, easements in gross pertain to rights related to the use of land rather than ownership transfer and do not involve property condemnation. Dual agency refers to a situation in real estate where an agent represents both the buyer and the seller, which has no relevance to property acquisition through eminent domain. Dower or curtesy relate to the rights of a spouse in a deceased partner's property and are also unrelated to the act of taking property for public use. Therefore, "easement by condemnation" specifically encapsulates the concept of utilizing eminent domain effectively and ensuring property owners receive compensation for their loss.