What is defined as an object that was once personal property but is now permanently attached to the land?

A fixture is defined as an item that was originally personal property but has become permanently attached to the land or a building, thus becoming part of the real estate. This attachment signifies a change in status from personal ownership to real property, meaning it is typically included in the sale of the property. Fixtures can include items like light fixtures, plumbing, or cabinetry that were once movable but have been affixed to the property in such a way that they are considered permanent.

Understanding the role of fixtures is essential for real estate transactions, as buyers expect fixtures to remain with the property unless specifically stated otherwise in a contract. This differs significantly from chattel, which refers to personal property that is movable and not permanently attached to the land. An easement is a legal right to use another person's land for a specific limited purpose, while an appurtenance is a right or privilege that comes with property ownership but does not refer to a specific object that has been attached to the property.