What does net operating income refer to?

Net operating income (NOI) is a financial metric commonly used in real estate to assess the profitability of income-generating properties. It specifically refers to the annual income that a property produces after accounting for all operating expenses, such as maintenance, property management fees, insurance, and property taxes. The calculation of NOI does not include any financing costs or income taxes, providing a clear picture of the property's operational performance.

This makes option B the most accurate definition of net operating income, as it highlights the essential aspect of deducting operating costs from the total income generated by the property. Understanding NOI is crucial for investors and property managers, as it serves as a fundamental measure of a property's financial health and can influence purchasing decisions, valuations, and financial performance assessments.