What characterizes a negotiable instrument?

A negotiable instrument is defined by its ability to promise payment and be traded or assigned between parties without additional approvals or conditions. This characteristic stems from the legal framework surrounding instruments like checks, promissory notes, and bills of exchange, which allows for their transferability and the ease with which ownership can change hands. Upon endorsement and delivery, the new holder can enforce the payment promised in the instrument.

The non-transferability indicated in one of the alternatives is counter to the essence of negotiable instruments, as they are specifically designed to facilitate transfer and promote ease of exchange in financial transactions. Additionally, the need for court approval for transactions, as suggested in another option, is not a requirement for negotiable instruments, which function independently of judicial involvement upon proper endorsement. Lastly, labeling a negotiable instrument as merely a verbal agreement misrepresents its nature, as these instruments are formal, written commitments that embody specific legal rights and obligations.